The role and mechanisms of multiple immunoregulatory cells in pulmonary tuberculosis
By
Hao Liu
Ping Li
Sujuan He
Haoran Yang
Ting Yuan
Xiaojin He
Yingzheng Tan
June 2, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: The Functions and Mechanisms of Various Immunoregulatory Cells in Pulmonary Tuberculosis
At a Glance
Category Detail
Condition Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Key Mechanisms Regulatory immune cells including Tregs, Bregs, MDSCs, and macrophages modulate immune responses and maintain homeostasis. Target Population Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, including those with MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Care Setting Clinical management of tuberculosis in healthcare facilities.
Key Highlights
Regulatory immune cells play a dual role in PTB, balancing immune suppression and pathogen evasion. Tregs are significantly elevated in PTB patients compared to healthy controls and LTBI individuals. Immunotherapy combined with standard treatments may improve outcomes in MDR-TB and XDR-TB patients. Tregs utilize multiple mechanisms, including cytokine secretion and direct cell interactions, to exert immunosuppressive effects. The transcription factor FoxP3 is critical for Treg development and function. Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
Monitor Treg levels in patients with PTB to assess disease progression. Management
Consider immunotherapy as an adjunct to standard anti-tuberculosis treatments. Monitoring & Follow-up
Evaluate the balance of regulatory and effector immune cells in PTB patients. Risks
Excessive accumulation of regulatory cells may compromise host immunity and facilitate Mtb survival. Patient & Prescribing Data
Patients diagnosed with Pulmonary Tuberculosis, including those with drug-resistant strains.
Immunotherapy may enhance treatment efficacy, particularly in patients with MDR-TB and XDR-TB.
Clinical Best Practices
Integrate monitoring of immune regulatory cells in the management of PTB. Utilize immunotherapy strategies to support standard TB treatment protocols. Related Resources & Content
