Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Headaches Before and After the Onset of Long COVID: A Case-Control Analysis in the Entire Population of Stockholm Region - Scorecard - MDSpire

Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Headaches Before and After the Onset of Long COVID: A Case-Control Analysis in the Entire Population of Stockholm Region

  • By

  • Sebastian Lindblom

  • Pia Lindberg

  • Gunnar Ljunggren

  • Seika Lee

  • Marta A. Kisiel

  • Iryna Kolosenko

  • Predrag Petrovic

  • Myrto Sklivanioti Greenfield

  • Caroline Wachtler

  • Artur Fedorowski

  • Åsa M. Wheelock

  • Axel C. Carlsson

  • November 14, 2025

  • 0 min

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Clinical Scorecard: Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Headaches Before and After the Onset of Long COVID: A Case-Control Analysis in the Entire Population of Stockholm Region

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
Condition
Key MechanismsMultifactorial pathophysiology including immune dysregulation, microvascular injury, chronic inflammation, and potential transdiagnostic mechanisms.
Target Population
Care Setting

Key Highlights

  • 10-30% of individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 may experience long COVID, with some studies reporting up to 46%.
  • Long COVID symptoms include fatigue, anxiety, depression, headaches, and may evolve over time, especially in those with preexisting conditions.

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

    Management

      Monitoring & Follow-up

      • Regular assessment of mental health symptoms in long COVID patients, with attention to their evolution over time.

      Risks

        Patient & Prescribing Data

        Individuals diagnosed with long COVID in Stockholm Region.

        Understanding the trajectory of mental health conditions is crucial for effective management.

        Clinical Best Practices

        • Integrate mental health assessments in long COVID care protocols, with a focus on longitudinal monitoring of symptoms.

        References

        Original Source(s)

        Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, and Headaches Before and After the Onset of Long COVID: A Case-Control Analysis in the Entire Population of Stockholm Region

        • by Sebastian Lindblom, Pia Lindberg, Gunnar Ljunggren, Seika Lee, Marta A. Kisiel, Iryna Kolosenko, Predrag Petrovic, Myrto Sklivanioti Greenfield, Caroline Wachtler, Artur Fedorowski, Åsa M. Wheelock, Axel C. Carlsson

        • November 14, 2025

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