Association between metabolic risk factors and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies
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By
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Xiaoli Yang
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Peng Fu
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Hui Liu
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July 17, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: Linking Metabolic Risk Factors to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) |
| Key Mechanisms | Metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are associated with HCC risk. |
| Target Population | Adults with metabolic risk factors. |
| Care Setting | Clinical practice focusing on cancer prevention and management. |
Key Highlights
- Metabolic syndrome (HR = 1.80) and diabetes mellitus (HR = 2.01) significantly increase HCC risk.
- Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2 and waist circumference are positively associated with HCC.
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) disturbances are linked to decreased HCC risk.
- Elevated total cholesterol and triglycerides are not significantly associated with HCC risk.
- Effective management of metabolic risk factors may reduce HCC incidence.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Assess metabolic risk factors in patients at risk for HCC.
Management
- Implement strategies to modify adverse metabolic risk factors.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Regular monitoring of metabolic parameters in high-risk populations.
Risks
- Increased risk of HCC associated with metabolic disorders.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Patients with metabolic disorders.
Hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering drugs, as well as bariatric surgery, may reduce HCC risk.
Clinical Best Practices
- Prioritize identification of metabolic risk factors in patients.
- Utilize a multidisciplinary approach for managing metabolic disorders.
- Educate patients on lifestyle modifications to mitigate HCC risk.
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