Heterogeneity of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related inflammatory central nervous system adverse event reporting signals in primary and metastatic brain tumors: a pharmacovigilance study with single-cell and spatial transcriptomic contextualization

Category	Detail
Condition	Inflammatory Central Nervous System Adverse Events
Key Mechanisms	Immune checkpoint inhibitors can induce immune-related adverse events across multiple organ systems, particularly affecting the CNS.
Target Population	Patients with primary CNS tumors and brain metastases receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Care Setting	Pharmacovigilance and transcriptomic analysis of adverse events.

Inflammatory CNS irAE reporting signals show tumor phenotype-associated heterogeneity.
Adjusted odds ratios for primary CNS tumors and brain metastases suggest significant differences in irAE reporting.
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct immune compartment activities in brain tumors.
Spatial transcriptomics serves as secondary descriptive visualization without demonstrating irAE-onset tissue states.
Findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating reporting associations.

Differential diagnosis of CNS symptoms must consider infection, edema, and tumor progression.

Monitor for severe neurologic irAEs in patients receiving ICIs, particularly in those with brain tumors.

Patients with primary CNS tumors and brain metastases treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Distinct immune microenvironments in brain tumors may influence the incidence and severity of irAEs.

Utilize pharmacovigilance data to inform clinical decision-making regarding ICI use.
Consider tumor phenotype when assessing the risk of inflammatory CNS irAEs.

Clinical Scorecard: Diversity in Reporting Signals of Inflammatory Central Nervous System Adverse Events Linked to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Primary and Metastatic Brain Tumors: A Pharmacovigilance Analysis with Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Insights