Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024 - Scorecard - MDSpire

Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024

  • By

  • Madelyn Rojas-Castro

  • Ranya Mulchandani

  • Kim Brolin

  • Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić

  • Anneli Uusküla

  • Colm Bergin

  • Catherine Fleming

  • Paolo Bonfanti

  • Rita Murri

  • Viesturs Zvirbulis

  • Dace Zavadska

  • Konstanty Szuldrzynski

  • Vânia Gaio

  • Corneliu Petru Popescu

  • Mihai Craiu

  • Raluca-Maria Hrișcă

  • Maria Cisneros

  • Miriam Latorre-Millán

  • Goranka Petrović

  • Liss Lohur

  • Jonathan McGrath

  • Lauren Ferguson

  • Anna Spolti

  • Katleen De Gaetano Donati

  • Ilze Abolina

  • Dagne Gravele

  • Ausenda Machado

  • Simin Aysel Florescu

  • Mihaela Lazar

  • Pilar Subirats

  • Laura Clusa

  • Gordan Sarajlić

  • Jacklyn Sui

  • Claire Kenny

  • Rosaria Santangelo

  • Dainis Krievins

  • Elza Anna Barzdina

  • Camila Valadas Henriques

  • Alma Gabriela Kosa

  • Săftica-Mariana Pohrib

  • Victor Daniel Miron

  • Carmen Muñoz-Almagro

  • Ana Maria Milagro

  • Sabrina Bacci

  • Camelia Savulescu

  • December 29, 2025

  • 0 min

Share

Clinical Scorecard: Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
Condition
Key MechanismsHybrid immunity from vaccination and natural infection (defined as the combined immune response from both sources).
Target Population
Care Setting

Key Highlights

  • The study found that hybrid immunity was particularly effective against severe outcomes during Omicron waves.

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

    Management

      Monitoring & Follow-up

      • Conduct regular follow-ups on vaccination and infection status, including monitoring for emerging variants.

      Risks

        Patient & Prescribing Data

        Healthcare workers from 18 hospitals in nine European countries.

        Vaccination strategies adapted based on prior infection and variant emergence.

        Clinical Best Practices

        • Encourage continuous education for HCWs on the latest vaccination strategies and variant updates.

        References

        Original Source(s)

        Combined Immunity from Infection and Vaccination Against Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infections in a European Multi-Center Prospective Study of Healthcare Workers, 2021–2024

        • by Madelyn Rojas-Castro, Ranya Mulchandani, Kim Brolin, Zvjezdana Lovrić Makarić, Anneli Uusküla, Colm Bergin, Catherine Fleming, Paolo Bonfanti, Rita Murri, Viesturs Zvirbulis, Dace Zavadska, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Vânia Gaio, Corneliu Petru Popescu, Mihai Craiu, Raluca-Maria Hrișcă, Maria Cisneros, Miriam Latorre-Millán, Goranka Petrović, Liss Lohur, Jonathan McGrath, Lauren Ferguson, Anna Spolti, Katleen De Gaetano Donati, Ilze Abolina, Dagne Gravele, Ausenda Machado, Simin Aysel Florescu, Mihaela Lazar, Pilar Subirats, Laura Clusa, Gordan Sarajlić, Jacklyn Sui, Claire Kenny, Rosaria Santangelo, Dainis Krievins, Elza Anna Barzdina, Camila Valadas Henriques, Alma Gabriela Kosa, Săftica-Mariana Pohrib, Victor Daniel Miron, Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Ana Maria Milagro, Sabrina Bacci, Camelia Savulescu

        • December 29, 2025

        Related Content

        Long COVID as a network disorder: a mechanism-anchored framework for biological stratification and therapeutic targeting

        Hantavirus Outbreak Revives COVID-Era False Health Claims — The Monitor

        Multi-omics analysis of long COVID (post-COVID-19 condition) reveals persistent mitochondrial dysfunction, suppressed oxidative phosphorylation, and immune dysregulation