Temporal trends and projected mortality of myocardial infarction and heart failure in the United States, 1999–2035: a CDC WONDER analysis

Category	Detail
Condition	Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure
Key Mechanisms	Acute coronary artery occlusion, myocardial necrosis, adverse ventricular remodeling, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and metabolic dysregulation.
Target Population	Adults aged ≥25 years in the United States.
Care Setting	National mortality analysis using CDC WONDER data.

Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) for MI and HF declined from 15.32 in 1999 to 7.55 in 2024.
Mortality rates are higher in men and non-Hispanic Black individuals compared to women and other racial groups.
Regional variation shows the South with the highest mortality burden and the Northeast with the lowest.
Adults aged ≥65 years have the highest mortality rates, with increasing rates among those aged 25–44 years after 2010.
Rural populations exhibit higher mortality rates than urban populations.

Utilize ICD-10 codes I21–I22 for myocardial infarction and I50 for heart failure.

Implement equitable prevention strategies and improve access to cardiovascular care.

Track age-adjusted mortality rates and demographic disparities in MI and HF outcomes.

Consider rising obesity and diabetes prevalence as significant risk factors for MI and HF.

Adults aged ≥25 years with MI and HF-related deaths.

Focus on addressing demographic and geographic disparities in mortality.

Clinical Scorecard: Trends in Mortality Rates and Future Projections for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure in the U.S. from 1999 to 2035: Insights from CDC WONDER Data