Fetal sex shapes maternal immune adaptation: placental extracellular vesicles differentially reprogram the phenotype, metabolism, and function of circulating monocytes - Scorecard - MDSpire

Maternal Immune Response Influenced by Fetal Sex: Distinct Effects of Placental Extracellular Vesicles on the Phenotype, Metabolism, and Function of Circulating Monocytes

  • By

  • Julieta Avalos

  • Florencia Sabbione

  • Daiana Rios

  • Daniel H. Grasso

  • M. Noe Garcia

  • Franco Aguilera

  • Fatima Merech

  • Horacio Aiello

  • Cesar Meller

  • Rosanna Ramhorst

  • Vanesa Hauk

  • Soledad Gori

  • Claudia Pérez Leirós

  • Daiana M. Vota

  • Daniel E. Paparini

  • July 17, 2026

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Clinical Scorecard: Maternal Immune Response Influenced by Fetal Sex: Distinct Effects of Placental Extracellular Vesicles on the Phenotype, Metabolism, and Function of Circulating Monocytes

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
ConditionMaternal immune adaptation during pregnancy
Key MechanismsInfluence of placental extracellular vesicles (pEVs) on monocyte phenotype and metabolism
Target PopulationPregnant women with term uncomplicated pregnancies
Care SettingClinical research setting

Key Highlights

  • pEVs induce distinct activation profiles in monocytes based on fetal sex.
  • F-pEVs enhance IL-10 production and reduce pro-inflammatory markers.
  • M-pEVs promote lactate production and increase IL-1β secretion.
  • Both pEV populations shift monocyte subsets towards classical monocytes.
  • Differential immunometabolic responses are observed based on fetal sex.

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

    Management

      Monitoring & Follow-up

        Risks

          Patient & Prescribing Data

          Healthy female donors providing peripheral blood samples

          Monocytes exposed to M-pEVs or F-pEVs exhibit different metabolic and functional responses.

          Clinical Best Practices

          • Consider fetal sex when evaluating maternal immune responses.
          • Monitor placental extracellular vesicle profiles in relation to maternal health.

          Related Resources & Content

            Original Source(s)

            Fetal sex shapes maternal immune adaptation: placental extracellular vesicles differentially reprogram the phenotype, metabolism, and function of circulating monocytes

            • by Julieta Avalos, Florencia Sabbione, Daiana Rios, Daniel H. Grasso, M. Noe Garcia, Franco Aguilera, Fatima Merech, Horacio Aiello, Cesar Meller, Rosanna Ramhorst, Vanesa Hauk, Soledad Gori, Claudia Pérez Leirós, Daiana M. Vota, Daniel E. Paparini

            • July 17, 2026

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