Geriatric nutritional risk Index predicts adverse outcomes across cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: discovery in NHANES and external validation in CKM stage 4 patients undergoing PCI - Scorecard - MDSpire

Geriatric nutritional risk Index predicts adverse outcomes across cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: discovery in NHANES and external validation in CKM stage 4 patients undergoing PCI

  • By

  • Hongyan Zhu

  • Jing Yang

  • Yuqi Fang

  • Yizhu Yan

  • July 7, 2026

  • 0 min

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Clinical Scorecard: Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index as a Predictor of Negative Outcomes in Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome: Findings from NHANES and Validation in Stage 4 CKM Patients Undergoing PCI

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
ConditionCardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome
Key MechanismsGeriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) as a prognostic biomarker
Target PopulationAdults with CKM syndrome, particularly Stage 4 patients undergoing PCI
Care SettingClinical cohort analysis and population-based study

Key Highlights

  • Lower GNRI is associated with higher hazards of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
  • Each 1-unit increase in GNRI correlates with a lower hazard of adverse outcomes.
  • GNRI provides incremental risk discrimination for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
  • Risk rises sharply below GNRI ≈ 100.
  • GNRI is an inexpensive marker for identifying higher-risk patients.

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

  • Evaluate GNRI for prognostic assessment in CKM syndrome.

Management

  • Consider GNRI in risk stratification for patients undergoing PCI.

Monitoring & Follow-up

  • Monitor GNRI levels as part of comprehensive risk assessment in CKM patients.

Risks

  • Patients with lower GNRI are at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Patient & Prescribing Data

CKM Stage 4 patients undergoing PCI

GNRI can aid in identifying patients at higher risk for negative outcomes.

Clinical Best Practices

  • Incorporate GNRI into routine assessments for CKM syndrome patients.
  • Utilize GNRI as a tool for risk stratification in clinical decision-making.

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