Clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and evaluation of multimodal models in NSCLC - Scorecard - MDSpire
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Evaluation of an Explainable AI Decision Support Tool and the Effectiveness of Multimodal Models in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Management

  • By

  • Arsela Prelaj

  • Vanja Miskovic

  • Matteo Sacco

  • Alberto Ferrarin

  • Cristina Maria Licciardello

  • Leonardo Provenzano

  • Margherita Favali

  • Ludovica Lerma

  • Aleksandra Zec

  • Andrea Spagnoletti

  • Monica Ganzinelli

  • Daniele Lorenzini

  • Beshoy Guirges

  • Luca Invernizzi

  • Cecilia Silvestri

  • Laura Mazzeo

  • Marco Meazza Prina

  • Giulia Corrao

  • Margherita Ruggirello

  • Andra Diana Dumitrascu

  • Rosa Maria Di Mauro

  • Dario Monzani

  • Gabriella Pravettoni

  • Michele Zanitti

  • Davide Macocchi

  • Moreno Bruno Marino

  • Chiara Cavalli

  • Rebecca Romanò

  • Claudia Giani

  • Samuel G. Armato

  • Alessandra Esposito

  • Christine M. Bestvina

  • Maria Spector

  • Bogot R. Naama

  • Reham Basheer

  • Adi Lahiani Hafzadi

  • Laila Roisman

  • Iris Watermann

  • Marlen Szewczyk

  • Till Olchers

  • Heinz Richter

  • Constantin Blanke-Roeser

  • Costanza Siniscalchi

  • Anna Di Lello

  • Teresa Arangoa

  • Valentina Bartolomeo

  • Nikolaos Spathas

  • Evangelos Sarris

  • Elena Fountzilas

  • Aina Arbusà Roca

  • Rocio Caro-Consuegra

  • Patricia Iranzo

  • Melissa Fernández-Pinto

  • Jose Rodríguez-Morató

  • Luca Agnelli

  • Mario Occhipinti

  • Marta Brambilla

  • Teresa Beninato

  • Claudia Proto

  • Sokol Kosta

  • Michele Pio Di Palma

  • Eliana Rulli

  • Stefan Steurer

  • Ronald Simon

  • Michael Willis

  • Giancarlo Pruneri

  • Filippo De Braud

  • Marcello Restelli

  • Enriqueta Felip

  • Nir Peled

  • Alexander T. Pearson

  • Helena Linardou

  • Martin Reck

  • Giuseppe Lo Russo

  • Francesco Trovò

  • Alessandra Laura Giulia Pedrocchi

  • Marina Chiara Garassino

  • September 13, 2026

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Clinical Scorecard: Evaluation of an Explainable AI Decision Support Tool and the Effectiveness of Multimodal Models in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Management

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
ConditionNon-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Key MechanismsImmunotherapy (IO) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4; multimodal integration of clinical, genomic, and imaging data.
Target PopulationPatients with advanced NSCLC, stage IIIC–IVB.
Care SettingMulticenter clinical research involving retrospective and prospective data.

Key Highlights

  • Long-term benefit of IO occurs in only 20–30% of patients.
  • Primary resistance to IO is seen in 5–20% of patients; secondary resistance in 60–85%.
  • PD-L1 is the only clinically approved biomarker for NSCLC.
  • AI-based decision support systems are being developed to optimize IO selection.
  • Multimodal models have shown improved predictive performance over traditional biomarkers.

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

  • Utilize PD-L1 expression as a biomarker for treatment decisions.

Management

  • Consider IO monotherapy or IO combined with chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC.

Monitoring & Follow-up

  • Assess overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and clinical benefit rate (CBR) as clinical endpoints.

Risks

  • Monitor for primary and secondary resistance to immunotherapy.

Patient & Prescribing Data

Individuals with advanced NSCLC who have received IO or IO combined with chemotherapy.

The study includes data from 2,396 patients across six clinical centers.

Clinical Best Practices

  • Incorporate multimodal data for personalized treatment selection.
  • Utilize AI-based models for predicting treatment outcomes.

Related Resources & Content

Original Source(s)

Clinical usability of an explainable AI decision support tool and evaluation of multimodal models in NSCLC

  • by Arsela Prelaj, Vanja Miskovic, Matteo Sacco, Alberto Ferrarin, Cristina Maria Licciardello, Leonardo Provenzano, Margherita Favali, Ludovica Lerma, Aleksandra Zec, Andrea Spagnoletti, Monica Ganzinelli, Daniele Lorenzini, Beshoy Guirges, Luca Invernizzi, Cecilia Silvestri, Laura Mazzeo, Marco Meazza Prina, Giulia Corrao, Margherita Ruggirello, Andra Diana Dumitrascu, Rosa Maria Di Mauro, Dario Monzani, Gabriella Pravettoni, Michele Zanitti, Davide Macocchi, Moreno Bruno Marino, Chiara Cavalli, Rebecca Romanò, Claudia Giani, Samuel G. Armato, Alessandra Esposito, Christine M. Bestvina, Maria Spector, Bogot R. Naama, Reham Basheer, Adi Lahiani Hafzadi, Laila Roisman, Iris Watermann, Marlen Szewczyk, Till Olchers, Heinz Richter, Constantin Blanke-Roeser, Costanza Siniscalchi, Anna Di Lello, Teresa Arangoa, Valentina Bartolomeo, Nikolaos Spathas, Evangelos Sarris, Elena Fountzilas, Aina Arbusà Roca, Rocio Caro-Consuegra, Patricia Iranzo, Melissa Fernández-Pinto, Jose Rodríguez-Morató, Luca Agnelli, Mario Occhipinti, Marta Brambilla, Teresa Beninato, Claudia Proto, Sokol Kosta, Michele Pio Di Palma, Eliana Rulli, Stefan Steurer, Ronald Simon, Michael Willis, Giancarlo Pruneri, Filippo De Braud, Marcello Restelli, Enriqueta Felip, Nir Peled, Alexander T. Pearson, Helena Linardou, Martin Reck, Giuseppe Lo Russo, Francesco Trovò, Alessandra Laura Giulia Pedrocchi, Marina Chiara Garassino

  • September 13, 2026

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