Interleukin-40 as a biomarker of mortality risk in patients with severe pneumonia
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By
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Hong Tan
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Hanyi Wang
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Xuanyi Zhou
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Jun Duan
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Xiaoliang Yang
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May 28, 2026
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Clinical Scorecard: Interleukin-40 as a Potential Mortality Predictor in Severe Pneumonia Patients
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Severe Pneumonia |
| Key Mechanisms | Interleukin-40 (IL-40) levels at ICU admission as a biomarker for predicting mortality risk. |
| Target Population | Patients with severe pneumonia admitted to the ICU. |
| Care Setting | Intensive Care Unit (ICU) |
Key Highlights
- IL-40 levels at ICU admission significantly higher in severe pneumonia patients compared to non-severe pneumonia and healthy controls.
- Non-survivors had significantly higher IL-40 levels than survivors.
- IL-40 combined with SOFA score improved the AUC for predicting 28-day mortality.
- Higher IL-40 levels (≥1.244 ng/mL) correlated with poorer survival outcomes.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Use IL-40 levels at ICU admission to assess mortality risk in severe pneumonia.
Management
- Consider IL-40 as a potential early biomarker for clinical decision-making in severe pneumonia treatment.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Monitor IL-40 levels along with traditional scoring systems like SOFA for better mortality risk assessment.
Risks
- Patients with higher IL-40 levels have an increased risk of mortality.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia requiring ICU admission.
IL-40 may guide early treatment decisions based on mortality risk.
Clinical Best Practices
- Incorporate IL-40 measurement in the assessment of severe pneumonia patients upon ICU admission.
- Utilize IL-40 in conjunction with established scoring systems for comprehensive mortality risk evaluation.
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