Assessing upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS: from TMS-EEG and EMG neurophysiology to a combined tFUS-TMS translational framework - Scorecard - MDSpire

Assessing upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS: from TMS-EEG and EMG neurophysiology to a combined tFUS-TMS translational framework

  • By

  • Ahmadreza Keihani

  • Mahsa Hassani

  • Seyed Saman Sajadi

  • Seyedeh Atena Modarresi

  • Marziyeh Khoshkholgh

  • Mahdi Haresabadi

  • Kiana Amani

  • Zahra Jourahmad

  • Fabio Ferrarelli

  • June 11, 2026

  • 0 min

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Clinical Scorecard: Evaluating Upper Motor Neuron Impairment in ALS: Integrating TMS-EEG and EMG Neurophysiology into a Combined tFUS-TMS Translational Approach

At a Glance

CategoryDetail
Condition
Key MechanismsCortical hyperexcitability and impaired GABAergic interneuronal function (source needed).
Target Population
Care Setting

Key Highlights

  • ALS involves degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons.
  • Cortical hyperexcitability may drive lower motor neuron degeneration (source needed).
  • TMS and tFUS are proposed to investigate UMN dysfunction in ALS.
  • Current biomarkers lack sensitivity to capture subtle disease progression.
  • Integration of neurophysiological techniques may enhance therapeutic strategies (source needed).

Guideline-Based Recommendations

Diagnosis

  • Utilize neurophysiological biomarkers alongside clinical assessments (source needed).

Management

  • Consider noninvasive brain stimulation techniques for evaluating UMN function (source needed).

Monitoring & Follow-up

  • Employ quantitative biomarkers for tracking disease progression and treatment response (source needed).

Risks

  • Potential for misdiagnosis due to clinical and biological heterogeneity in ALS.

Patient & Prescribing Data

Individuals diagnosed with ALS exhibiting UMN and LMN involvement.

Emerging techniques like TMS and tFUS may provide insights into disease mechanisms.

Clinical Best Practices

  • Incorporate multimodal biomarker frameworks for comprehensive patient assessment (source needed).
  • Utilize TMS to assess UMN function in ALS patients (source needed).
  • Regularly monitor disease progression using sensitive neurophysiological measures (source needed).

Related Resources & Content

Original Source(s)

Assessing upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS: from TMS-EEG and EMG neurophysiology to a combined tFUS-TMS translational framework

  • by Ahmadreza Keihani, Mahsa Hassani, Seyed Saman Sajadi, Seyedeh Atena Modarresi, Marziyeh Khoshkholgh, Mahdi Haresabadi, Kiana Amani, Zahra Jourahmad, Fabio Ferrarelli

  • June 11, 2026

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