Coordinated oral–gut microbiota relocation in connective tissue diseases: a systematic review
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By
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Verena Ida Meyer
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Sylvio Redanz
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Martin Alexander Kriegel
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July 3, 2026
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Clinical Scorecard: Systematic Review of Coordinated Changes in Oral and Gut Microbiota in Connective Tissue Disorders
At a Glance
| Category | Detail |
|---|
| Condition | Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome |
| Key Mechanisms | Coordinated dysbiosis across oral and gut microbiomes with opposing abundance patterns. |
| Target Population | Adult patients with SLE and pSS. |
| Care Setting | Observational studies comparing microbiome data in patients and healthy controls. |
Key Highlights
- Reduced intestinal Shannon and Simpson α-diversity in SLE and pSS.
- Increased or preserved oral microbiome diversity in SLE and pSS.
- Opposing abundance patterns for specific taxa like Streptococcus and Actinomycetota.
- Evidence of oral-gut microbial relocation in autoimmune conditions.
- Potential influence of medications like proton pump inhibitors and corticosteroids.
Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
- Utilize observational studies to assess microbiome alterations in SLE and pSS.
Management
- Consider the role of oral and gut microbiome in the management of SLE and pSS.
Monitoring & Follow-up
- Monitor changes in oral and gut microbiome as part of disease progression.
Risks
- Be aware of the potential impact of oral dysbiosis on systemic immunity.
Patient & Prescribing Data
Adults diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus or primary Sjögren’s syndrome.
Investigate the effects of microbiome-altering medications on disease outcomes.
Clinical Best Practices
- Integrate microbiome assessments into routine evaluations of SLE and pSS.
- Encourage interdisciplinary approaches to understand microbiome interactions.
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