Link Between Bone Mineral Density and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Update
By
Xianghui Zeng
Dian Wang
Hao Yang
Zhenfang Liu
Xing Li
Ting Xiong
Ting Lu
Lu Dai
Feng Chen
March 7, 2026
Clinical Scorecard: Link Between Bone Mineral Density and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Update
At a Glance
Category Detail
Condition Bone Mineral Density and Coronary Artery Calcification Key Mechanisms Calcium-phosphate homeostasis, hormonal changes, chronic inflammation Target Population Adults aged ≥ 18 years, including postmenopausal women and high-risk individuals Care Setting General populations or specific subgroups
Key Highlights
Osteoporosis prevalence is approximately 19.7% globally under WHO criteria. Lower BMD is associated with higher CAC scores and increased cardiovascular risk. Inconsistencies in studies highlight the need for updated meta-analysis. Recent studies provide complementary evidence linking BMD and CAC. The study follows PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Guideline-Based Recommendations
Diagnosis
Assess BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or validated methods. Evaluate CAC presence/absence or severity using Agatston score or equivalent. Management
Consider osteoporosis treatment in patients with low BMD and high CAC scores. Monitoring & Follow-up
Regularly monitor BMD and CAC in high-risk populations. Risks
Increased morbidity and mortality associated with low BMD and high CAC. Patient & Prescribing Data
Older adults, particularly postmenopausal women and those with chronic diseases.
Management strategies should address both osteoporosis and cardiovascular risk.
Clinical Best Practices
Implement comprehensive screening for BMD and CAC in at-risk populations. Utilize multivariable analyses to adjust for confounders in studies. Encourage lifestyle modifications to improve bone and cardiovascular health. Related Resources & Content
