Distribution of quorum-sensing genes (lasI, lasR, RhlI, and rhlR) among clinical isolates of biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Northern Iran

Category	Detail
Condition	Biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Key Mechanisms	Quorum sensing (QS) systems (Las, Rhl, Iqs, Pqs) regulate biofilm formation and virulence via signaling molecules and gene expression
Target Population	Hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections caused by P. aeruginosa
Care Setting	Hospital settings including burn, general, pediatric, heart, and infectious disease centers

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections with high antibiotic resistance.
Biofilm formation, regulated by QS systems (Las and Rhl), is critical for chronic infection development and antibiotic resistance.
The presence of lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR genes correlates with biofilm production and may guide vaccine target identification.

Identify P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples after 48 hours of hospitalization to confirm nosocomial infection.
Assess biofilm formation capability and presence of QS genes (lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR) to understand virulence potential.

Consider the inherent and acquired multidrug resistance of P. aeruginosa when selecting antibiotic therapy.
Target biofilm formation and QS systems as potential therapeutic or vaccine strategies.

Monitor for multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains in hospital settings, especially in patients with underlying conditions.
Surveillance of QS gene prevalence may inform infection control and treatment approaches.

Patients with cystic fibrosis, diabetes, AIDS, chemotherapy, or organ transplantation are at increased risk of severe infection.
Biofilm formation contributes to increased antibiotic resistance and infection persistence.

Hospitalized patients with confirmed P. aeruginosa infections, including those with underlying immunocompromising conditions

Due to multidrug resistance and biofilm-associated protection, treatment requires consideration of QS-regulated virulence and resistance mechanisms.

Early identification and characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates including QS gene profiling.
Implement infection control measures targeting biofilm-forming strains to reduce nosocomial spread.
Research and development of therapies targeting QS systems to disrupt biofilm formation and virulence.

Clinical Scorecard: Distribution of quorum-sensing genes (lasI, lasR, RhlI, and rhlR) among clinical isolates of biofilm-forming Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Northern Iran