To evaluate the predictive role of six immune-inflammatory indices for heart failure (HF) incidence and subsequent mortality in a longitudinal population study.
Approach:
Key Findings:
Elevated levels of SII, SIRI, AISI, IBI, and NLR were significantly associated with increased likelihood of HF events (HRs provided).
The IBI showed the strongest association with HF risk, with an 86% higher risk in the highest quintile compared to the lowest (HR 1.86, 95% CI: 1.75–1.97).
Higher CALLY was linked to a lower risk of HF (HR for Q5 vs. Q1: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.53–0.60).
Among HF patients, SIRI, AISI, IBI, and NLR correlated positively with all-cause mortality (HRs provided), while CALLY was associated with improved survival (HR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.94).
ROC analyses indicated that IBI had superior predictive accuracy for both incident HF and mortality.
Interpretation:
Immune-inflammatory markers are significant predictors of HF incidence and prognosis, with IBI emerging as the most robust biomarker.
Limitations:
The study may not account for all confounding factors influencing HF incidence and mortality, such as socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors.
The reliance on data from a single cohort may limit generalizability to other populations.
Conclusion:
The study identifies immune-inflammatory markers as significant predictors of HF incidence and prognosis, highlighting the utility of IBI for risk stratification in clinical practice and future research.
