Objective:

To identify, summarize, and critically evaluate clinical evidence regarding current epidemiology and management of non-ICI targeted therapy-related dermatological adverse events, highlighting their significance in patient care.

Key Findings:

• Cutaneous side effects of targeted treatments can occur in up to 90% of patients, significantly impacting treatment adherence.
• Common dermatological toxicities include rash, erythema, acneiform dermatitis, xerosis, and pruritus, which can lead to treatment modifications.
• Skin toxicities are a leading cause of treatment dose reduction or cessation, necessitating effective management strategies.
• EGFR inhibitors are associated with acneiform eruptions linked to favorable treatment responses, indicating a complex relationship between side effects and efficacy.
• BRAF and MEK inhibitors commonly cause rashes, alopecia, and photosensitivity, highlighting the need for tailored dermatological care.

Interpretation:

Early identification and management of cutaneous adverse events are crucial for optimizing oncological treatment and improving patients' quality of life, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach.

Limitations:

• The review primarily focuses on non-ICI targeted therapies, leaving a gap in understanding immune checkpoint inhibitors and their dermatological effects.
• Limited data on agents other than immune checkpoint inhibitors may introduce bias in the findings.

Conclusion:

This review highlights the need for improved awareness and management strategies for dermatological toxicities associated with targeted cancer therapies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and ongoing research.