To evaluate the clinical characteristics of pediatric tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) patients through a systematic literature review and individual patient data analysis.
Approach:
Search Strategy: A systematic search was performed on December 26, 2025, in PubMed, Elsevier, SpringerLink, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data using specific terms related to pediatric TIO. Studies published in English and Chinese were included.
Key Findings:
62 pediatric TIO cases were included in the review.
Pediatric TIO is more frequent in males, who show higher rates of weakness and deformities.
16.1% of patients were misdiagnosed with other conditions.
Somatostatin receptor-based imaging modalities demonstrated a high proportion for identifying these tumors.
Tumors causing pediatric TIO are predominantly located in the lower extremities and are mostly benign.
Surgery is the preferred treatment, with an 84.2% resolution rate.
Interpretation:
Pediatric TIO is characterized by a higher prevalence in males and is often misdiagnosed; early identification and surgical intervention are crucial.
Limitations:
The study is based on previously published literature and did not involve direct patient recruitment, which may limit the findings.
Conclusion:
Pediatric TIO is more common in males, often misdiagnosed, and primarily involves benign tumors in the lower extremities; surgical treatment is effective.
