Cross-sectional associations of nighttime sleep and daytime nap duration with myopia in preschool children: the mediating role of body mass index - Summary - MDSpire
To investigate the associations of nighttime sleep and daytime nap duration with myopia in preschool children, and to examine the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).
Approach:
Study Design: Cross-sectional study including 695 children aged 3–7 years, assessing sleep duration, demographics, family factors, and lifestyle via a self-administered questionnaire.
Data Collection: Ophthalmic examinations followed national myopia screening guidelines.
Statistical Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines, and mediation analysis were used to evaluate associations and the mediating effect of BMI.
Key Findings:
The prevalence of myopia was 21.29%.
Daytime nap duration (OR = 0.87, p = 0.012) and nighttime sleep duration (OR = 0.48, p = 0.031) were negatively associated with myopia risk.
A protective inflection point was identified at 38 min for daytime napping (p < 0.05).
BMI partially mediated the associations of daytime nap and nighttime sleep with myopia, accounting for 24.79% and 28.16% of the total effects, respectively.
Interpretation:
Both nighttime sleep and daytime nap duration were inversely associated with myopia risk in preschool children, with BMI playing a partial mediating role.
Limitations:
Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences.
Reliance on self-reported data may introduce bias.
Conclusion:
Ensuring adequate nighttime sleep and appropriate daytime napping may represent an effective strategy for early myopia prevention.
