Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional printing technologies, specifically patient-specific breast surgical guides (3DP-BSG), in improving surgical guidance and outcomes in breast-conserving surgery.

Key Findings:

• Positive margin rates in the 3DP-BSG group ranged from 0% to 18.2%, lower than historical rates.
• Recurrence rates in post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy patients were lower than previously reported benchmarks.
• 3DP-BSGs improved tumor localization and reduced reliance on traditional localization methods.
• Aesthetic outcomes and surgeon satisfaction showed favorable trends but were inconsistently reported.

Interpretation:

3DP-BSG represents a promising, non-invasive alternative for enhancing surgical precision and outcomes in breast-conserving surgery, particularly in post-NACT settings, with potential implications for clinical practice.

Limitations:

• Current evidence is limited by heterogeneity among studies.
• Small sample sizes in included studies.
• Need for larger randomized controlled trials with standardized endpoints.
• Potential biases in study selection may affect the reliability of findings.

Conclusion:

While early results are encouraging, further research is necessary to confirm the clinical utility of 3DP-BSG in standard breast cancer surgery protocols, emphasizing the need for larger studies.