Objective:

To investigate the expression of PD-L1 in Ameloblastoma (AM) and its correlation with BRAFV600E mutation, CD8+ T cells, FoxP3, and to explore its association with biological behavior and Disease-free survival (DFS) in AM patients.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• 84% of patients were PD-L1 positive.
• 41 cases were BRAF mutation-positive, with 92.68% showing PD-L1 positivity (p = 0.003).
• No significant correlations between PD-L1 and CD8+ T cells (p = 0.247), FoxP3+ cells (p = 0.702), or pathological subtype (p = 0.667).
• High CD8+ T cell infiltration correlated with prolonged DFS (HR = 0.112, 95%CI: 0.014–0.913, p = 0.041).

Interpretation:

PD-L1 expression is frequently observed in AM with BRAFV600E mutation, but no significant correlation with other clinicopathological parameters was found. High CD8+ T cell infiltration may be associated with favorable DFS.

Limitations:

• Relatively short follow-up duration.

Conclusion:

Further verification in cohorts with longer follow-up is needed to confirm the association of high CD8+ T cell infiltration with DFS in AM patients.

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