Comparison between olfactory bulb and olfactory tract implantations through an endoscopic supraorbital keyhole approach: a cadaveric study - Summary - MDSpire
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A Cadaveric Study on the Endoscopic Supraorbital Keyhole Approach for Implantation of the Olfactory Bulb versus the Olfactory Tract

  • By

  • Hakim Benkhatar

  • Douglas Henderson

  • Teofil Mures

  • Claire Martin

  • Damien Bresson

  • December 22, 2025

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Objective:

To compare the feasibility and stability of electrode implantation on the olfactory bulb (OB) versus the olfactory tract (OT) using a supraorbital keyhole approach (SKA) in human cadavers, emphasizing the comparative aspect of the study.

Key Findings:
  • Successful implantation on the dorsal OB was achieved in all cases, but electrode stability was poor, indicating a need for improved stabilization techniques.
  • Access to the OT was successful without the need for drilling the orbital roof, leading to reduced operative time, which may enhance surgical efficiency.
  • The ventral OT implantation provided a more stable and less invasive approach compared to the dorsal OB, suggesting a potential shift in surgical practice.
Interpretation:

The study suggests that ventral OT implantation may offer a more stable and less invasive alternative to dorsal OB implantation for olfactory neurostimulation, highlighting its potential clinical significance.

Limitations:
  • The study was conducted on cadavers, which may not fully replicate live surgical conditions, potentially affecting the applicability of the results.
  • Small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings, indicating a need for further studies with larger cohorts.
Conclusion:

Ventral OT implantation through a supraorbital keyhole approach is feasible and may provide advantages over dorsal OB implantation in terms of stability and invasiveness, warranting further investigation in clinical settings.

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