Three-dimensional laser scanning technology for accurate lower limb edema assessment in heart failure patients: a feasibility study - Summary - MDSpire

Three-dimensional laser scanning technology for accurate lower limb edema assessment in heart failure patients: a feasibility study

  • By

  • Lorenzo Lippi

  • Mauro Nascimben

  • Alessio Turco

  • Fjorelo Refati

  • Valter De Michelis

  • Alessandro de Sire

  • Marco Invernizzi

  • Lia Rimondini

  • July 15, 2026

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Objective:

To evaluate the potential of three-dimensional laser scanning (3DLS) for lower limb volume assessment in older adults with heart failure.

Approach:
  • Participants: Eight older adults with heart failure (mean age 73 ± 4.51 years) were recruited for the study.
  • Measurement Methods: Lower limb volumes were assessed using both the circumferential method (CM) and 3DLS, with various digital volume quantification algorithms applied.
  • Statistical Analysis: Correlation, linear regression, and Bland–Altman plots were utilized to evaluate the agreement between the two measurement methods.
Key Findings:
  • Significant correlations were observed between all digital methods and the circumferential method.
  • The DELA VERT-3DLS method showed the highest correlation (r = 0.856; p < 0.001).
  • Bland–Altman analysis indicated a consistent trend of overestimation among digital methods.
Interpretation:

The preliminary findings suggest that 3DLS is a feasible and potentially practical approach for lower limb volumetric assessment in older adults with heart failure.

Limitations:
  • The study had a small sample size.
  • Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm feasibility and explore reliability and clinical applicability.
Conclusion:

Further research is warranted to validate the findings and assess the clinical utility of 3DLS in this population.

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