Objective:

To examine the correlation between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and the odds of hip fractures in Chinese individuals, both with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Approach:

• Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study involving 935 Chinese individuals, including 248 patients with hip fractures, conducted at Changzhou Second People’s Hospital.
• Data Collection: TyG was calculated based on fasting glucose and triglyceride levels; multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between TyG and hip fracture odds.

Key Findings:

• The odds of hip fractures were similar in T2D and non-T2D groups (27.5% vs 26.3%, P = 0.734).
• Increasing TyG significantly reduced the odds of hip fracture in the non-T2D group (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.25–0.83).
• No significant association between TyG and hip fracture odds was found in the T2D group (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 0.81–4.46).
• A significant interaction was observed between T2D and TyG on hip fracture odds (p for interaction < 0.01).
• No association between TyG and bone mineral density (BMD) in either group (p > 0.05).

Interpretation:

The study found that elevated TyG levels are associated with reduced odds of hip fractures in individuals without T2D, indicating a potential role of diabetes status in the relationship between TyG and hip fracture risk.

Limitations:

• The study is cross-sectional, limiting causal inferences.
• The sample was limited to a specific population in China, which may affect generalizability.

Conclusion:

The study indicates that elevated TyG levels are associated with reduced odds of hip fractures in Chinese individuals without T2D, but not in those with T2D.