Objective:

To explore the value of transvaginal color Doppler ultrasound (TVCDS) combined with serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) and carbohydrate antigen-125 (CA125) in diagnosing threatened abortion and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Approach:

• Study Design: A retrospective case-control study including 98 pregnant women with threatened abortion and 100 normal pregnant women.
• Data Collection: Comparison of serum indicators, corpus luteum pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) using multivariate logistic regression and ROC curves.

Key Findings:

• TVCDS showed 92.86% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 0.912 AUC in diagnosing threatened abortion.
• The observation group had higher corpus luteum PI, RI, and CA125, but lower β-HCG than the control group (all P<0.001).
• Corpus luteum PI and RI were negatively correlated with β-HCG (r=-0.401, -0.465) and positively with CA125 (r=0.511, 0.492, all P<0.01).
• Multivariate logistic regression identified PI, β-HCG, and CA125 as independent predictors of failed pregnancy preservation.
• The combined predictor yielded an AUC of 0.931, superior to any single indicator (P<0.001).

Interpretation:

TVCDS combined with serum β-HCG and CA125 improves the efficacy in diagnosing threatened abortion and predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Limitations:

• Retrospective design may introduce selection bias.
• Study conducted in a single center may limit generalizability.

Conclusion:

The multivariate model provides a reliable tool for individual risk assessment in threatened abortion.