Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the KPd regimen in Chinese patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) from October 2022 to December 2024.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• The study included 34 patients with a median age of 65 years, all of whom were bortezomib-exposed, 91.2% were lenalidomide-exposed (and refractory), and 50.0% were daratumumab-exposed.
• Overall response rate (ORR) was 82.4%, influenced by high-risk cytogenetics, prior daratumumab exposure, and the receipt of ≥ 3 prior lines of therapy.
• Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 13 months, with a 2-year PFS rate of 40.3%.
• Hematologic toxicities were the most common adverse events (73.5%), with grade 3/4 adverse events occurring in 58.8% of patients.

Interpretation:

KPd demonstrated substantial effectiveness in heavily pretreated Chinese RRMM patients, including those refractory to lenalidomide, suggesting its potential role in clinical practice.

Limitations:

• The study is retrospective and conducted at two centers, which may limit generalizability.
• The sample size of 34 patients is relatively small, and potential biases inherent in retrospective studies should be considered.

Conclusion:

KPd shows promise in treating RRMM but requires careful monitoring due to high hematologic toxicity rates; further studies are needed to validate these findings.

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