Objective:

To summarize the microbiota-mediated mechanisms involved in coronary heart disease (CHD) and examine how phytomedicine and probiotics can regulate gut microbial composition.

Key Findings:

• Gut microbiota is involved in the progression of CHD through various metabolic pathways.
• Phytomedicine can modulate microbial metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function.
• TMAO and SCFAs are linked to gut dysbiosis and CHD pathology.
• Probiotics may provide targeted support to enhance the effects of phytomedicine.
• Challenges include standardization of treatments and limited clinical evidence.

Interpretation:

Remove this section or rephrase to avoid unsupported conclusions.

Limitations:

• Insufficient standardization of phytomedicine–probiotic combinations.
• Heterogeneity of host–microbiota responses.
• Limited clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of interventions.
• Unresolved long-term safety issues.

Conclusion:

Remove this section or rephrase to avoid unsupported conclusions.