Objective:

To systematically compare the risk of autoimmune diseases among patients with type 2 diabetes treated with DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors.

Approach:

• Outcomes: Primary outcomes included incidences of systemic lupus erythematosus, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, giant cell arteritis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, celiac disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, polymyositis, and polymyalgia rheumatica.

Key Findings:

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Interpretation:

The study evaluates the association of commonly used antidiabetic agents with autoimmune diseases.

Limitations:

• The study is observational and may be subject to residual confounding.
• Data sharing restrictions prevent public access to individual-level data.
• The observational design limits the ability to establish causality.

Conclusion:

The study aims to enhance understanding of the autoimmune disease risk associated with different diabetes medications.