To summarize the mechanisms by which polysaccharide-gut microbiota interactions reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Key Findings:
Gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes chronic hepatic inflammation and immunosuppression through metabolites such as lipopolysaccharide, short-chain fatty acids, and bile acids.
Polysaccharides can selectively promote beneficial gut bacteria and regulate immune responses via key signaling pathways.
Challenges include polysaccharide structural heterogeneity, unclear microbiota-immune causal relationships, and undefined safe dose windows.
Interpretation:
The review provides an overview of polysaccharide-based modulation of the HCC immune microenvironment.
