To report health outcomes attributed to recent use of psilocybin, LSD, MDMA, ibogaine, and 5-MeO-DMT in a nationally representative survey of US adults.
Approach:
Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis based on the 2025 National Survey Investigating Hallucinogenic Trends (NSIHT) with a double opt-in internet panel.
Data Collection: Participants self-reported health changes and healthcare service use attributed to substance use over the past 12 months.
Analysis: Descriptive analyses with weighted percentages and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using R statistical software.
Key Findings:
Psilocybin had the highest prevalence of use at 3.1% (95% CI, 2.9%-3.3%), while ibogaine had the lowest at 0.2% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.3%).
Worsening physical health attributed to psilocybin was reported by 6.2% (95% CI, 4.4%-7.9%), while ibogaine users reported 45.1% (95% CI, 31.8%-58.4%).
Adverse effects were most frequently reported by ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT users, with 94.8% (95% CI, 90.0%-99.7%) and 92.8% (95% CI, 86.4%-99.1%) respectively experiencing at least one adverse effect.
Limitations:
The study relies on self-reported data, which may be subject to bias.
The cross-sectional design limits causal inferences.
