Serum anti-Müllerian hormone response to pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation in healthy women: no overall change and exploratory subgroup findings

To evaluate the effects of oral PQQ supplementation on ovarian reserve and related clinical and biochemical outcomes in healthy women.

Study Design: Single-arm, open-label study involving 50 healthy women aged 25–42 years, receiving 20 mg/day of PQQ for 90 ± 10 days.
Primary Outcome: Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels.
Secondary Outcomes: Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, biological antioxidant potential, reactive oxygen metabolites-derived compounds (d-ROMs), and Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) scores.
Sample Collection: Blood samples collected on menstrual cycle days 1–7 before and after supplementation.
Subgroup Analyses: Exploratory analyses stratified by age and baseline AMH.

AMH levels did not change significantly overall (1.561 ± 0.689 vs. 1.439 ± 0.772 ng/mL, p = 0.182).
Younger participants with lower baseline AMH (n = 7) showed a non-significant increase in AMH (p = 0.056) and a significant decrease in d-ROMs (p = 0.027).
Older participants with lower baseline AMH (n = 13) experienced a significant decrease in AMH (p = 0.033), while d-ROMs remained unchanged.
Overall, d-ROMs showed a non-significant reduction (p = 0.090).

PQQ supplementation did not significantly alter AMH levels in the overall cohort.

Small sample sizes in subgroup analyses limit the reliability of the findings.
Absence of a control group restricts the ability to draw definitive conclusions.
The exploratory nature of the results does not permit conclusions regarding clinical efficacy.

Further research is necessary to determine the effects of PQQ on ovarian biology.