Objective:

To compare the antitumorigenic effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ), amitriptyline (AmiT), and imipramine (ImiP) on breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and melanoma in a comparative study.

Approach:

• In vitro assays: CellTiter-Blue viability assays and wound-healing assays were used to assess cancer cell growth inhibition and migration.
• In vivo assays: Zebrafish xenografts were utilized to evaluate the effects of the drugs on tumor growth.

Key Findings:

• CPZ showed the strongest inhibition of cancer cell growth, followed by AmiT, with ImiP showing the weakest effects.
• All three drugs significantly impaired migration in MDA-MB-231 and SH-SY5Y cells but had no effect on A375 cells.
• In vivo, CPZ and AmiT significantly reduced tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 and SH-SY5Y xenografts, while ImiP only inhibited MDA-MB-231 growth.
• None of the drugs inhibited tumor growth in A375 xenografts.

Interpretation:

The study demonstrates significant differences in the antitumorigenic potency and cancer-type sensitivity among CPZ, AmiT, and ImiP, with CPZ being the most effective.

Limitations:

• The study was limited to three cancer types and may not represent the effects on other tumors.
• Different methodologies and experimental models in existing literature complicate direct comparisons of antitumorigenic effects.

Conclusion:

CPZ has the strongest antitumorigenic potential among the tested tricyclic drugs, particularly for breast cancer and neuroblastoma.