Objective:

To report a new case of esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma (ESGDA) and perform a comparative analysis of demographic variations between Eastern and Western populations based on existing literature.

Approach:

• Case Introduction: A 61-year-old Asian male with a 1.6 cm submucosal tumor in the distal esophagus was successfully resected via endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), with pathological confirmation of ESGDA.

Key Findings:

• Eastern cohort showed a 9:1 male-to-female ratio, while Western cohort had a balanced 1:1 ratio (P = 0.141).
• 100% of Eastern cases were located in the distal esophagus/gastroesophageal junction compared to 40% in Western cases (P = 0.011).
• 60% of Western cases were found in the mid or upper esophagus, a pattern not seen in the Eastern cohort.

Interpretation:

The clinical presentation of ESGDA shows notable geographic patterns, with Eastern cases presenting exclusively in the distal esophagus and a strong male predominance.

Limitations:

• Small sample size limits the generalizability of findings and may obscure significant epidemiological patterns.
• Further studies with larger cohorts are needed for confirmation.

Conclusion:

The study highlights potential population-specific differences in ESGDA.