Objective:

To explore the association between cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs), including diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, and the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and its mortality.

Key Findings:

• Baseline diabetes was associated with an 18% increased risk of developing PCa (HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08~1.29).
• Diabetes-heart disease comorbidity significantly increased PCa incidence risk (HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09~1.59).
• No significant association was found between CMDs and PCa-specific mortality risk.
• Individuals with a single CMD had a reduced risk of non-aggressive PCa-specific mortality (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26~0.99).

Interpretation:

The presence of diabetes, particularly in combination with heart disease, is linked to a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, while having a single CMD may lower the risk of dying from non-invasive prostate cancer.

Limitations:

• Study relied on self-reported medical history for CMD diagnoses, which may introduce bias.
• The composite definition of CMDs may obscure individual condition effects.

Conclusion:

Diabetes is independently associated with increased PCa incidence, and its combination with heart disease further heightens this risk. Conversely, a single CMD appears to reduce non-aggressive PCa-specific mortality risk.