Disentangling Depression in Women with Diabetes: Evidence for Measure-Dependent Associations with Interleukin-4 and Common Inflammatory Biomarkers - Summary - MDSpire

Disentangling Depression in Women with Diabetes: Evidence for Measure-Dependent Associations with Interleukin-4 and Common Inflammatory Biomarkers

  • By

  • Perez, Nicole Beaulieu

  • Gordillo Sierra, Maria Paula

  • Finik, Jackie

  • Fletcher, Jason

  • Hanna, David B

  • Sharma, Anjali

  • Anastos, Kathryn

  • Rubin, Leah Helane

  • D'Eramo Melkus, Gail

  • Aouizerat, Bradley

  • February 12, 2026

  • 0 min

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Objective:

To explore associations between inflammation and various measures and dimensions of depressive symptoms in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Key Findings:
  • Participants had a mean age of 61.4 years, with 71% Black and 32% Hispanic.
  • 82% of participants with T2D were also living with HIV.
  • IL-4 showed significant negative associations with PROMIS-Depression and PROMIS-Anxiety scores.
  • hsCRP and IL-6 were positively correlated with CES-D but negatively correlated with PROMIS-Depression.
  • PROMIS-Sleep was moderately associated with IL-8.
Interpretation:

Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and depression may not be consistent across all depressive measures or symptom dimensions.

Limitations:
  • Small sample size limits generalizability.
  • Cross-sectional design restricts causal inference.
  • Need for larger samples with repeated measures.
Conclusion:

Preliminary findings suggest the need for including diverse inflammatory measures and distinct depressive symptom dimensions in future mental health research.

Original Source(s)

Disentangling Depression in Women with Diabetes: Evidence for Measure-Dependent Associations with Interleukin-4 and Common Inflammatory Biomarkers

  • by Perez, Nicole Beaulieu, Gordillo Sierra, Maria Paula, Finik, Jackie , Fletcher, Jason , Hanna, David B, Sharma, Anjali , Anastos, Kathryn , Rubin, Leah Helane, D'Eramo Melkus, Gail , Aouizerat, Bradley

  • February 12, 2026

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