Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis - Summary - MDSpire

Recurrences, Associated Conditions, and Prognostic Factors in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis

  • By

  • Claudia Papi

  • Chiara Milano

  • Laura Marmolejo

  • Ana Beatriz Serafim

  • Esther Aguilar

  • Mar Guasp

  • Elianet Fonseca

  • Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro

  • Raffaele Iorio

  • Yuki Fukami

  • Maria Lucia Schmitz Ferreira Santos

  • Takashi Miwa

  • Takashi Araga

  • Yuto Uchida

  • Masanori Kurihara

  • Satoshi Okada

  • Luz Victoria Garcia

  • Kenichi Kaida

  • Natalia Spinola Costa da Cunha

  • Alberto Vogrig

  • Florian Lamblin

  • Juna M. de Vries

  • Livia Almeida Dutra

  • Romana Höftberger

  • Maarten J. Titulaer

  • Jesús Planagumà

  • Lidia Sabater

  • Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez

  • Thais Armangué

  • Francesc Graus

  • Takahiro Iizuka

  • Josep Dalmau

  • Marianna Spatola

  • July 1, 2026

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Objective:

To characterize the clinical and radiological evolution of anti-GABAAR encephalitis, including MRI dynamics, occurrence of relapses, long-term outcomes, and associated predictors, as well as to assess the potential of LMO5 antibodies as a biomarker for paraneoplastic etiology.

Approach:
  • Patient Identification: Retrospective identification of patients with anti-GABAAR encephalitis from a biorepository, including clinical information and serum/CSF samples.
  • Clinical Definitions: Inclusion criteria based on clinical picture and antibody detection; exclusion of patients with incomplete data or concurrent antibodies.
  • Data Collection: Clinical information collected through questionnaires covering demographics, comorbidities, neurological symptoms, and outcomes.
  • LMO5 Antibody Studies: Assessment of LMO5 antibodies using cell-based assays and Western blot techniques.
  • Statistical Analysis: Comparative analysis using Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and logistic regression to identify predictors of relapse and outcomes.
Key Findings:
  • A total of 33 patients were identified with anti-GABAAR encephalitis, comprising 4 children and 29 adults.
  • GABAAR antibodies were detected in both serum and CSF in 25 of the 29 adult patients.
  • Tumors associated with anti-GABAAR encephalitis were identified in approximately 30% of cases.
  • Relapse was defined as the new onset or worsening of symptoms after a period of stabilization lasting at least 2 months.
Interpretation:

Limitations:
  • Retrospective design may introduce bias.
  • Limited follow-up duration for assessing long-term outcomes.
  • Small sample size may affect generalizability of findings.
Conclusion:

Original Source(s)

Relapses, Comorbidities, and Predictors of Outcome in Anti-GABAA Receptor Encephalitis

  • by Claudia Papi, Chiara Milano, Laura Marmolejo, Ana Beatriz Serafim, Esther Aguilar, Mar Guasp, Elianet Fonseca, Mateus Mistieri Simabukuro, Raffaele Iorio, Yuki Fukami, Maria Lucia Schmitz Ferreira Santos, Takashi Miwa, Takashi Araga, Yuto Uchida, Masanori Kurihara, Satoshi Okada, Luz Victoria Garcia, Kenichi Kaida, Natalia Spinola Costa da Cunha, Alberto Vogrig, Florian Lamblin, Juna M. de Vries, Livia Almeida Dutra, Romana Höftberger, Maarten J. Titulaer, Jesús Planagumà, Lidia Sabater, Eugenia Martinez-Hernandez, Thais Armangué, Francesc Graus, Takahiro Iizuka, Josep Dalmau, Marianna Spatola

  • July 1, 2026

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