Objective:

To estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use and dry eye symptoms among Palestinian undergraduate students and examine the association between smoking status, particularly e-cigarette use, and dry eye symptom severity.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• High prevalence of e-cigarette use among Palestinian university students.
• Limited existing literature on the ocular health effects of e-cigarette use, particularly in non-Western populations.

Interpretation:

Limitations:

• Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences.
• Self-reported data may introduce bias.

Conclusion:

Source

Based on findings from:

The prevalence and association between electronic cigarette use and dry eye symptom severity among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study

Zaid Sawaftah, Ahmad Sawafta, Ali Bani Odah, Marah Abu Zant, Hamza Abualhasan. Bmc Ophthalmology, 2026.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12886-026-04922-6

Attribution Notice

This content is an AI-generated, fully rewritten summary based on a published scholarly article. It does not reproduce the original text and is not a substitute for the original publication. Readers are encouraged to consult the source for full context, data, and methodology.