Objective:

To report a case of acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism secondary to cord-like foreign bodies resulting from bone cement leakage after percutaneous vertebroplasty and to analyze diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including a literature review.

Key Findings:

• Bone cement leakage can lead to acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism, a rare complication of percutaneous vertebroplasty.
• The cord-like foreign body was traced from the thoracic vertebra to the pulmonary arteries via the azygos vein and superior vena cava.
• Emergency thrombolysis and anticoagulation resulted in symptom improvement, although imaging showed persistent foreign bodies, highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring.

Interpretation:

This case highlights the potential for serious complications from bone cement leakage during vertebroplasty, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring and prompt intervention in clinical practice.

Limitations:

• The case study is based on a single patient, limiting generalizability.
• Long-term outcomes and the effectiveness of treatments for similar cases remain unclear, and further studies are needed.

Conclusion:

Acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism can occur due to cord-like foreign bodies from bone cement leakage after vertebroplasty, necessitating immediate diagnosis and intervention.