Objective:

To determine the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in adolescents and young adults aged 16-25, emphasizing the importance of these conditions in the context of rising obesity rates and diabetes prevalence.

Key Findings:

• Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are prevalent among adolescents and young adults in Mumbai, highlighting a critical public health concern.
• There is a significant association between hyperinsulinemia and measures of general and central adiposity, indicating the need for targeted interventions.
• Normal-weight individuals may also exhibit hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance due to central adiposity, suggesting that BMI alone is insufficient for risk assessment.

Interpretation:

The findings suggest that hyperinsulinemia is a critical early indicator of metabolic dysfunction, particularly in the context of rising obesity rates and diabetes prevalence among youth in India, aligning with existing literature on metabolic health.

Limitations:

• Cross-sectional design limits causal inferences and may not account for potential confounding factors.
• Potential selection bias due to participant recruitment from specific academic institutions, which may not represent the broader population.

Conclusion:

Early detection of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance is essential for preventing diabetes and related metabolic disorders in young populations, and targeted public health strategies should be developed based on these findings.