To assess changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) in peri-/postmenopausal women with osteoporosis following Osteostrong® intervention over 12 months.
Key Findings:
Significant increases in lumbar spine BMD in group G2 (0.029 g/cm2, Bonferroni-adjusted p < 0.001) and G4 (0.025 g/cm2, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.05).
Modest improvements in total hip BMD left in group G2 (0.028 g/cm2, Bonferroni-adjusted p = 0.05).
Other changes in femoral neck BMD, total hip BMD, and TBS were not significant after Bonferroni correction.
Interpretation:
The Osteostrong® intervention showed modest improvements in lumbar spine BMD, with some subgroup effects being significant but requiring cautious interpretation due to Bonferroni adjustments and study limitations.
Limitations:
The study's quasi-experimental design limits causal inferences.
Small sample sizes in subgroups may affect the reliability of findings.
Lack of a randomized controlled trial design may introduce biases.
Conclusion:
Further randomized trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of Osteostrong® in improving BMD in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
