Objective:

To compare the clinical efficacy, safety and health economic differences of percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) under the day surgery and conventional inpatient management modes.

Approach:

• Study Design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 168 OVCF patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty from March 2023 to December 2024.
• Grouping: Patients were divided into a day surgery group (86 cases) and an inpatient group (82 cases) based on specific admission criteria and conditions.
• Outcome Measures: Comparisons were made on VAS score, ODI, analgesic medication use, mobility score, hospital stay, direct medical costs, patient satisfaction, surgery-related indicators, and perioperative complications.

Key Findings:

• No statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all P > 0.05).
• The day surgery group showed significant improvement in VAS score, ODI, analgesic medication use score, and mobility score at 1 week and last follow-up compared to pre-surgery (all P < 0.01).
• No significant differences in VAS score, ODI, analgesic medication use score, and mobility score between groups at 1 week and last follow-up (all P > 0.05).
• The day surgery group had a shorter total hospital stay, lower direct medical costs, and higher patient satisfaction compared to the inpatient group (all P < 0.01).
• No significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, bone cement injection volume, and postoperative complication rate between groups (all P > 0.05).

Interpretation:

Percutaneous vertebroplasty under the day surgery mode can achieve short-term and early medium-term efficacy equivalent to inpatient management without increasing the risk of perioperative complications.

Limitations:

• The study is retrospective and may have selection bias.
• The sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings.

Conclusion:

For strictly screened OVCF patients, percutaneous vertebroplasty under the day surgery mode can significantly shorten hospital stay, reduce costs, and improve patient satisfaction.