To assess the proportions of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal acute respiratory infections (ARIs) caused by serotypes targeted by existing and upcoming pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) and estimate the annual disease burdens preventable by these vaccines in the US, highlighting the differences in vaccine coverage for IPD versus ARIs.
Key Findings:
PCV15, PCV20, PCV24, PCV25, and PCV31 account for 16% to 68% of pneumococcal AOM in children (95% CI: 15%-17% to 67%-69%).
PCV15, PCV20, PCV21, PCV24, PCV25, and PCV31 account for 43% to 87% of nonbacteremic pneumonia in adults (95% CI: 38%-47% to 83%-90%).
42%-85% of pediatric and 42%-94% of adult IPD cases are due to PCV-targeted serotypes.
Potentially preventable burdens include 270,000-3,300,000 outpatient-managed ARIs, 2,000-17,000 pneumonia hospitalizations, and 3,000-14,000 IPD cases annually.
Interpretation:
The findings indicate significant potential for existing and upcoming PCVs to reduce the burden of pneumococcal diseases in both children and adults, with varying effectiveness across different vaccine formulations, which may influence vaccination strategies.
Limitations:
Limited data on serotype distribution in pneumococcal ARIs, particularly for sinusitis and pneumonia, may affect the accuracy of the findings.
Estimates based on available epidemiological data may not fully capture the dynamic nature of serotype prevalence, potentially impacting the conclusions drawn.
Conclusion:
The comparative estimates of preventable disease burden can inform future vaccination policies and strategies, emphasizing the need for ongoing surveillance to adapt to changing serotype prevalence and potential vaccine reformulation.
by Laura M King, Kristin L Andrejko, Miwako Kobayashi, Wei Xing, Adam L Cohen, Wesley H Self, J Jackson Resser, Cynthia G Whitney, Adrienne Baughman, Mai Kio, Carlos G Grijalva, Jessica Traenkner, Nadine Rouphael, Joseph A Lewnard
