Objective:

To report a case of multiple brown tumors associated with parathyroid adenoma diagnosed using 18F-FDG PET/CT in a thalassemia patient, highlighting the significance of accurate imaging in rare conditions.

Key Findings:

• 18F-FDG PET/CT effectively diagnosed the parathyroid adenoma and associated brown tumors, crucial for treatment planning.
• Post-surgery, serum calcium and PTH levels returned to normal, and bone repair was observed, underscoring the importance of timely intervention.

Interpretation:

Brown tumors are rare complications of hyperparathyroidism, often misdiagnosed. This case highlights the importance of imaging and laboratory results in accurate diagnosis, especially given the rarity of the condition.

Limitations:

• The study is based on a single case, limiting generalizability and the ability to draw broader conclusions.
• Potential for misdiagnosis remains due to the rarity of brown tumors, emphasizing the need for awareness in clinical practice.

Conclusion:

The case underscores the utility of 18F-FDG PET/CT in diagnosing brown tumors associated with parathyroid adenoma, emphasizing the need for careful evaluation of imaging and laboratory findings to prevent complications.