Objective:

To assess changes in the composition of bacterial microbiota in the oral cavity and large intestine of patients 6 months after sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and to identify relationships between these changes and weight-loss outcomes, highlighting the significance of these findings.

Key Findings:

• Bariatric surgery significantly alters the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota, which may impact long-term health outcomes.
• Differences in microbiota changes were observed between SG and RYGB patients, suggesting tailored approaches may be beneficial.
• Weight-loss outcomes correlated with specific microbiota changes, indicating potential targets for future interventions.

Interpretation:

Modifying the gut microbiota may play a role in the effectiveness of bariatric surgery for weight loss and obesity-related comorbidities, suggesting avenues for clinical application.

Limitations:

• Limited studies on microbiota changes in humans post-bariatric surgery, with potential biases in patient selection.
• Small sample size and short follow-up duration.

Conclusion:

Further research is needed to explore the relationship between microbiota composition and weight loss outcomes in bariatric surgery patients, particularly focusing on specific microbiota profiles that may enhance weight loss.