Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) measured before surgery in predicting outcomes among patients scheduled for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG).

Approach:

• Study Area and Period: Medical records were assessed over a five-year period from February 20, 2020, to February 19, 2025, at Benha University, Egypt.

Key Findings:

• Malnutrition and inflammation are associated with poorer outcomes in CABG patients.
• PNI and NLR serve as important prognostic indicators for CABG outcomes.
• Higher preoperative NLR correlates with increased risks of postoperative complications.

Interpretation:

The study found that patients with lower PNI scores and higher NLR values had significantly worse postoperative outcomes, including longer hospital stays and higher rates of complications. This suggests that both PNI and NLR can be utilized as effective tools for preoperative risk assessment, allowing for better patient management and tailored interventions.

Limitations:

• The retrospective design may introduce selection bias.
• Exclusion of patients with certain conditions may limit generalizability.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the importance of incorporating PNI and NLR into preoperative assessments for CABG patients. By identifying individuals at higher risk for adverse outcomes, healthcare providers can implement targeted strategies to improve surgical results and patient care. The study advocates for further research to validate these findings and explore their applicability in clinical practice.