To explore sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) risk factors associated with degenerative valvular heart disease (VHD), highlighting the significance of these differences for prevention strategies.
Key Findings:
81.06% of participants had one or more CKM risk factors at baseline, with specific percentages for each risk factor.
Hypertension was the largest attributable risk factor for incident VHD in both sexes, with detailed statistics.
Women had higher risks of AS with obesity, AR with CKD, and MR with hypertension or hypertriglyceridaemia compared to men, supported by specific HR values.
Interpretation:
Customizing CKM risk factor prioritization based on gender may enhance the effectiveness of VHD prevention strategies, particularly for women, impacting clinical practice.
Limitations:
The study is observational and cannot establish causation.
Data on CKM risk factors were self-reported, which may introduce bias, and potential confounding factors were not addressed.
Conclusion:
The findings highlight the need for gender-specific approaches in the prevention of degenerative VHD, emphasizing the importance of managing CKM risk factors and suggesting implications for future research.
Patients are mining Reddit and TikTok for symptom intel while you're not — and a small study calls it epistemic injustice. Different knowledge, mutually unrecognized. Maybe ask where they've been reading before you wave it off as anecdote.
