To analyze contraceptive practices and motivations for contraceptive choice among German servicewomen.
Approach:
Key Findings:
38.1% of servicewomen reported current hormonal contraceptive (HC) use.
Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) were the most common method (18.5%), followed by hormonal intrauterine devices (8.9%) and progestin-only pills (8.4%).
HC use declined with increasing age, with 8% of women ≥40 years still using COCP.
Systemic long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) were virtually absent.
Pregnancy prevention was the primary reason for HC use (82%), followed by management of menstrual pain and bleeding.
Interpretation:
Limitations:
The response rate was 11.2%, which may limit the generalizability of the findings.
Patients with preoperative vitamin D deficiency had higher postoperative pain scores and opioid use after mastectomy, including more than triple the odds of moderate to severe pain within 24 hours of surgery.
These 10 states reported physician residency completion totals, physician retention rates, or residency Match fill rates identified in graduate medical education data.
