To investigate whether serum S- and N-antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins reflect the clinical features of Long COVID.
Key Findings:
Median S- and N-antibody titers were significantly higher in vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated.
S-antibody titers correlated with the number of vaccine doses received.
N-antibody titers correlated with disease severity during acute COVID-19 and were negatively correlated with time since infection in unvaccinated patients.
Lower S-antibody levels were associated with cognitive impairment and reduced quality of life.
Interpretation:
Serum N-antibody titers reflect immune responses to COVID-19, influenced by gender and time since infection, while lower S-antibody levels correlate with cognitive symptoms and quality of life in Long COVID patients.
Limitations:
Retrospective design may introduce bias.
Single-center study limits generalizability.
Lack of control group for comparison.
Conclusion:
S- and N-antibody titers may serve as biomarkers for assessing Long COVID, with implications for understanding immune responses and managing patient care.
