Objective:

To construct tissue-engineered tubular grafts (TETGs) using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) scaffolds, and to evaluate their feasibility and efficacy for urinary diversion in a rabbit model.

Approach:

Key Findings:

• BMSCs exhibited high expression of CD44 and CD90 and low expression of CD34 and CD45.
• BMSCs successfully differentiated into urothelium-like cells, expressing uroplakin 1A, cytokeratin 7, and cytokeratin 13.
• All rabbits in the experimental group survived, showing luminal urothelial growth with complete epithelialization by week 8.
• Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of mature and functional epithelial cells, as evidenced by positive staining for Anti-cytokeratin AE1/AE3, uroplakin 1A, and the tight junction protein ZO-1.
• IVU confirmed patent outflow tracts without stenosis, urinary fistula, hydronephrosis, or ureteral dilation.
• Control grafts collapsed by week 4, resulting in mortality.

Interpretation:

BMSCs can serve as a viable cell source for urinary tissue engineering, demonstrating the feasibility of constructing a urinary diversion conduit using BMSC-derived urothelium-like cells and silk fibroin/chitosan in rabbits.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrates the feasibility of BMSC-derived TETGs for urinary diversion.

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