Different injection speeds produce distinct temporal dynamics of optic nerve sheath diameter increase during caudal block in children: a prospective randomized trial - Summary - MDSpire
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Different injection speeds produce distinct temporal dynamics of optic nerve sheath diameter increase during caudal block in children: a prospective randomized trial
To evaluate the effect of injection speed on optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) changes during caudal block in children.
Key Findings:
At 10 minutes post-injection, ONSD was significantly higher in the high-speed group (4.73 ± 0.43 mm) compared to the low-speed group (4.52 ± 0.35 mm, P = 0.027).
At 20 minutes post-injection, ONSD was significantly higher in the low-speed group (4.73 ± 0.57 mm) compared to the high-speed group (4.49 ± 0.42 mm, P = 0.010).
Both groups showed significant increases in ONSD from baseline onward (P < 0.05), without returning to baseline by 40 minutes.
A significant time-by-group interaction (P < 0.001) indicated different temporal patterns of ONSD changes between groups.
No significant differences in mean arterial pressure, heart rate, or end-tidal carbon dioxide were observed at any time point (P > 0.05).
Interpretation:
Limitations:
The study only included children aged 1–3 years, limiting generalizability to other age groups.
The sample size may not be sufficient to detect rare adverse events.
Analyses by treatment timing, cumulative dose, and stunting supported the overall finding, though early-initiation and female subgroup data were limited.
