Assess the global burden of stomach cancer linked to high sodium intake and smoking from 1990 to 2021; forecast the burden from 2021 to 2040.
Approach:
Data Source: Utilized Global Burden of Disease 2021 data to calculate age- and sex-specific death and DALYs rates, percentage changes, and population attributable fractions for high sodium intake and smoking.
Key Findings:
In 2021, 7.9% of global age-standardized stomach cancer deaths were attributed to high sodium intake and 11.2% to smoking.
Men and older adults were most affected by both risk factors.
East Asia had the highest death and DALY rates, while High-income North America and Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest.
Mongolia and Bolivia had the highest sodium-related rates, while Morocco and Nigeria had the lowest.
From 1990 to 2021, sodium-related mortality rose most in Egypt and fell most in South Korea; smoking-related deaths rose in Egypt and Lesotho but fell in Singapore.
High-middle SDI regions bore the greatest burden.
Projections to 2040 predict global declines in death and DALY rates for both risks.
Interpretation:
Findings highlight the need for targeted, region- and gender-specific policies to curb stomach cancer risk from high sodium intake and smoking.
Conclusion:
The study provides data for public health interventions.
